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BASIC SCIENCE SECOND TERM JSS1 LESSON NOTE SCHEME OF WORK

+INTRODUCTION TO LIVING THINGS

CONTENT

1. Meaning of Living Things
2. Characteristics of Living Things
3. Classification of Living Things
4. Photosynthesis
5. Differences between Plants and Animals
6. Similarities between Plants and Animals
7. Uses of Plants and Animals

 

Meaning of Living Things

Living things are things that have life and can carry out all characteristics of life.

 

Characteristics of Living Things

These are activities living things can perform such as:

(MR NIGERCLAD)

1. Movement: Movement is a change in position. Animals move from place to place. Plant only moves in stationary state towards light, water, etc.
2. Respiration: This is the taking in of oxygen to release energy as a result of breakdown of food in the body.
3. Nutrition: This is the processes of taking in food into the body which when taken provides energy or materials for building the body. Plant and animals feed in order to get energy to carry out their daily activities and also to grow.
4. Irritability/Sensitivity: This is the ability to respond to changes in the environment. All living things respond to changes in the environment.
5. Growth: Growth is the increase in size as a result of formation of new cells.
6. Excretion: This is the removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
7. Reproduction: All living things can reproduce their own kind/species.
8. Competition: This is the ability of living things to struggle for all the necessities of life in order to survive in their various environments. Plants and animals compete for food.
9. Life span/Death: All living things must die because they have limited period of existence.
10. Adaptation: This is the way living things get used to their various environments.

Classification of Living Things

All living things are grouped into 2 major categories namely: plants and animals.

Examples of plants and animals are toad, housefly, ostrich, fish, maize plant, grass, yam, hibiscus, etc.

BASIC SCIENCE SECOND TERM JSS1 LESSON NOTE SCHEME OF WORK

Photosynthesis

Plants make their own food in a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place inside plant cells called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts change sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (a gas in the air) into sugars, a type of food used by the plant to grow. Photosynthesis also makes oxygen, which is released into the air.

Differences between Plants and Animals

	S/N	Plants	Animals
	1.	Plants carry out photosynthesis	Animals do not carry out photosynthesis
	2.	Plants are stationary	Animals move from place to place
	3.	Plants maintain apical growth	Animal grow in all parts of the body.
	4.	They produce their own food	They depend on plants for their food
	5.	Plants use stomata and lenticels for respiration	Animals use Lungs or gills or skin for respiration

Similarities between Plants and Animals

1. Both feed
2. They reproduce
3. They respire
4. Both grow etc.

Uses/Importance of Plants and Animals

Plants and animals can be used for the following purposes.

Uses of Plants

1. Plants provides food such as vegetables, fruits, tuber, leaves etc for man and animals’
2. Provision of materials for shelter e. g timber for construction of houses.
3. Medicine: plants are used in the production of drug plant which is used as herb in treating diseases.
4. Plant is used to beautify our environment.
5. Plant leaves serve as wind break and also use to control soil erosion
6. Plants remove carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and give out oxygen.
7. It serves as source of income to the people and the nation.

 

 

 

Uses of Animals

1. Animals serve as food for man.
2. Some animals are used as beasts of burden e .g donkeys and camels
3. Some animals are used as means of transportation e. g horses and camels.
4. Animal such as dogs is used for security.
5. It also serves as source of income.

 

EVALUATION

1. Mention five examples of plant.
2. What are the uses of plants and animals?
3. List all the characteristics of plants and animals

 

BASIC SCIENCE SECOND TERM JSS1 LESSON NOTE SCHEME OF WORK

NON-LIVING THINGS – MATTER

CONTENT

1. The Meaning of Matter
2. Identification of Matter
3. States of Matter
4. Change of State of Matter

 

Meaning of Matter

Matter is anything in nature that has mass and occupies space. Stone, paper, plant, animal, air, water, rubber etc. are made up of matter. Matter is made up of small particles called atoms.

Change of State of Matter

BASIC SCIENCE SECOND TERM JSS1 LESSON NOTE SCHEME OF WORK

This is the transformation of matter from one state to another. Change of state occurs in the following ways:

1. Melting: This is when solids changes to liquid. The temperature at which solid changes to liquid is called melting point. E.g. melting of ice water
2. Evaporation: This is when liquids change to gas. The temperature at which its occurs is called boiling point. E.g. boiling of water at 100^oC
3. Sublimation:This is when solids change directly to gas. E.g. camphor changes directly to gas
4. Freezing:This is when liquid changes to solid at 0^og. water inside freezer changes to ice water.
5. Condensation:This is when gas changes to liquid. E.g. Vapour forming dew.

 

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