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Comparison of plant and animal cell
comparison of plant and animal cell
Differences and Similarities between Plant and Animal Cells
The Cell as a Living Unit of an Organism
The cell is defined as the simplest, the smallest, and the
basic unit of life. It is the structural and functional unit of a living organism. The cell can carry out all life activities such as feeding, respiration, movement, etc.
Classification of Living Things Based on The Number of Cells
All living things are classified into two major groups depending on the number of cells they possess. These groups are:
Unicellular or Acellular organism: Organisms that consist of only one cell e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium, Chlamydomonas, and Euglena.
Multicellular Organisms: Organisms that consist of two or more cells, e.g. Hydra, Flowering plants, Fish, Bird, Man etc.
Forms in Which Cells Exist
Living cells exist basically in four forms;
- As single and free-living organisms
These are organisms that possess only one cell and are able to live freely on their own. The single cell carries out all life processes such as feeding. Euglena, etc. Parts of the cell may be specialized to carry out a particular process, for example, Paramecium.
Paramecium is a fresh-water protozoan. It lives in ponds and puddles and feeds mainly on bacteria. It is often described as having a slipper shape and is about 0.25mm long. It has a stiff outer covering called the pellicle which gives it a fixed shape. Its cytoplasm is divided into a clear outer layer called the ectoplasm and a granular inner layer called the endoplasm. The endoplasm contains several food vacuoles, two contractile vacuoles, and two nuclei. The larger one is called the meganucleus and the smaller one is the micronucleus. It moves (swims) in the water by means of cilia. The cilia are tiny projections of the ectoplasm through the pellicle. The oral groove and gullet are specialized for feeding, while the contractile vacuole is specialized for water regulation.
- As a colony
A colony consists of many similar cells which are joined together. E.g. Volvox, Pandorina, etc. Diagram of volvox
- As a filament
This consists of many similar or identical cells joined end to end to form unbranched filaments. e.g. spirogyra, zygnema, oscillatoria and oedogonium.
Each cell in a colony or filament behaves as an individual. Each carries out life processes independently of its neighbors.
- As a part of a living multicellular organism
In multicellular organisms cells which perform the same function are grouped together to form a tissue, e.g. tissues of the ileum wall, the retina, and the blood (tissues that perform a specific function form an organ and a group of organisms working together to perform a specific task form a system.
The Structure and Functions of the Cell
From the general point of view, the cell is considered as an idea. The dictionary explains the meaning as an ‘a small room in a prison for one or more persons’ or as ‘a small number of people.’ When one commits a crime, such a person is put in a police cell while the investigation is going on.
However, in Biology the term cell is a vital subject matter and has a special definition. It is defined as the smallest, structural, and functional unit of life having a nucleus at the center and bounded by a cell membrane.
They are two types of cells: Plant and Animal cells. See diagram below
comparison of plant and animal cell
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Lesson Notes / Scheme of work
Primary 1 | Primary 2 | Primary 3
Primary 4 | Primary 5 | Primary 6
JSS1 | JSS2 | JSS3
SSS1 | SSS2 | SSS3
Question Bank
Primary 1 | Primary 2 |Primary3
Primary 4 | Primary5 | Primary6
JSS1 | JSS2 | JSS3
SSS1 | SSS2 | SSS3
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