Lesson Notes / Scheme of work

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Question Bank

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MATHEMATICS PRIMARY 5 SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE SCHEME OF WORK

 

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

CLASS: BASIC FIVE

WEEK               TOPIC  

1. RATIO AND PERCENTAGE
2. SIMPLE PROBLEMS ON PERCENTAGE
3. MONEY: profit and loss
4. MONEY: SIMPLE INTEREST
5. MONEY: DISCOUNT AND COMMISION
6. PERIMETER OF PLANE SHAPES
7.  AREA OF RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE
8. VOLUME
9. PROBLEM ON WEIGHT
10. AVERAGE SPEED
11. WEEK ONE

RATIO AND PERCENTAGE

Meaning of ratio

The relation between two quantities (both of the same units) obtained by dividing one quantity with another is called ratio. Ratio can be denoted by using the symbol ( : ).

EXAMPLE 1

What is the ratio between the weight two bags of sugar of 4kg and 6kg respectively?

Solution

Ratio of weights of bags of sugar = 4kg/ 6kg = 2/3 = 2:3

EXAMPLE 2

A pole of length 165cm is divided into two parts such that lengths are in the ration 7:8. Find the length of each part of the pole?

Total ratio = 7 + 8 = 15

First part = ^7/₁₅ , second part = 8/15

Length of first part = 7/15 of 165cm

=  7/15 × 165

= 7 x 11  = 77cm

1 x 1

Length of second part = 165cm – 77cm = 88cm

 

DIRECT PROPORTION

Examples

1. A marker costs $18. Calculate the cost of 5 markers.
2. A student went to the market to purchase textbooks. He purchased two textbooks for $24

• What is the price of one notebook?
• What would be the price of 5 such note

Solution

1. If one marker = $18

5 markers       =  $18 x 5 = $90

 

2. 2 textbooks = $24

1 textbook = m

2 × m = 1 x $24

2m = $24

M = $24 ÷ 2 = $12. Therefore 1 textbook = $24

 

(b) Since 1 textbook = $12

5 textbooks = $12 × 5 = $60

Equal and equivalent ratios

1. The two ratios below are equal or equivalent.

1/2 = 4/ 8

3/5 = 6/10

2. The two ratio below are not equal or equivalent

4/3≠6/10    3/5≠7/15

 

 

EVALUATION

1. What is ratio?

 

2. Find the ratio of each of the following in its lowest terms:

• 24cm: 72cm
• 425km: 750km
• 75min: 150min
• 85kg: 102kg

 

3. A field is 50m in length and 60m in width. Find the ratio between its width and length.

 

4. A scooter can travel 225km with 5 litres of petrol. How many litres of petrol is needed to travel 675km?

 

WEEK TWO

SIMPLE PROBLEMS ON PERCENTAGES

Percentages are fractions with 100 as denominator

EXAMPLE 1

Change the following fractions to percentages

1. ^2/₅ =  ²/₅ of 100 = ^2/₅  ×  100 = 200  = 40%

5

EXAMPLE 2

Change these percentage to fractions

1. 75% = 75  = 15 = 3    

100     20    4

 

EXAMPLE 3

Change 7 ½% to fractions in their lowest terms

Solution

7 ½ % = 7 ½ out of 100

= 15/2 × 1/100

= (15 × 1) ÷ 200

= 15 ÷ 200 = 3/40

EXERCISE

Change the following fraction to percentage

1. ²_/5
2. ^2/₄
3. ³/₃₀

Change to fractions in their lowest terms

1. 66 ½ %
2. 12 ¼ %
3. 16 ²/₃ %

 

 

MEANING OF PROFIT

When the selling price of an article is higher or greater than the cost price, we have a profit or gain.

Profit = selling price – cost price

MEANING OF LOSS

When the selling price is less than cost price we have a loss.

Loss = cost price – selling price

 

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