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Lesson Notes / Scheme of work
Primary 1 | Primary 2 | Primary 3
Primary 4 | Primary 5 | Primary 6
JSS1 | JSS2 | JSS3
SSS1 | SSS2 | SSS3
Question Bank
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Social Studies jss2 Lesson Note Second Term
JSS2 SOCIAL STUDIES SECOND TERM E-LESSON NOTE
Social Studies jss2 Lesson Note Second Term
VALUES
CULTURE AND SOCIAL VALUES (1)
CULTURE AND SOCIAL VALUES (2): MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE II
FAMILY AS THE BASIC UNIT OF SOCIETY
GENDER
GENDER AND STEREOTYPES II
SCHOOL ACCIDENTS
HEALTH ISSUES
JSS2 SOCIAL STUDIES SECOND TERM: RELIGIONS IN NIGERIA
Social Studies jss2 Lesson Note Second Term
Topic: Value
Outline:
Meaning of Values
Importance of Values
Levels of manifestation of Values
Factors that promote good value system
Meaning of Value
Value can be define as the degree of quality or worth of a thing. It can also be defined as the lay down rules or standard that guides our interaction with people.value influences our character and attitude towards other people. Values can be defined as conceptions or standards by which things are compared and approved or disapproved, desired or undesired. Values may also refer to interest, pleasure, likes preferences, duties moral obligations, wants, needs, aversions and attractions. Values can be defined as the worth, merit or esteem which a person, individuals or group of people in the society or community have for an objects or an idea. For example when someone says ‘I value my life’ or ‘I value my certificate’, it means that such person cherishes or loves his life or certificate. Values therefore holds attraction for us and we cherish to possess them. What has value is actually valuable or good, as opposed to what is regarded as good or valuable. The values are things that have value, things that are good, things that are right, obligatory, beautiful or even true, or even moral values.
In other words value can also be described as the measure of those qualities that determine merit, desirability, usefulness and importance. These involve levels of superiority that are usually high.
Social Studies jss2 Lesson Note Second Term
Importance of Values to the Society
Values provide an avenue for criteria in Judgement
Values provide means through which culture are learnt and transmitted from generation to generation
Through values, order is maintained and responsibilities are carried out
Through values unity and cooperation are enhanced in the society
Values foster growth and development in the society.
Levels of Manifestation of Values
Social Studies jss2 Lesson Note Second Term
There are six levels
Spiritual Values – These have to do with importance attached to things and relating to someone’s mind and their deepest thoughts, feelings, beliefs as regards religious affinity.
Family Life Values – These relate to what the member of a given family attaches importance to
Societal Values – These refer to important places, people and the way they live together. They also refer to activities in whic one enjoys the company of other people.
Economic Values – These involve importance attached to trade, industry or commerce, what to engage in and the motives behind it. either to make profit or otherwise
Political Values – These refer to the importance attaced to power, relationship and government of a country. i.e. political beliefs
Personal Values – These refer to what an individual holds in esteem i.e. privacy, interacting with others.
Factors that Promote Good Value System
Consistency – For a particular value to be upheld, there is the need for quality behaviour in the same way or having the same opinions or standard. You can not allow one thing today when you are feeling fine and tomorrow forbids it because you are tired
Trust – This has to do with having belief or confidence in the honesty, goodness, skill or safety of a person, organisation or thing. In te same vein, if a group of people believe in a particular thing and have confidence in each other there is every tendency for them to achieve a desirable goal as a result of element of trust among them.
Tolerance – This arises when an individual or group of individuals develop te ability to bear something unpleasant or annoying or continue existing despite disadvantageous condition. There is therefore need for willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs whic are different from one’s own.
Fairness – There is a need to treat people in the society equally in a way that is right or reasonable in order to promote good value system
Integrity – For a particular value system to be held, members of the society must exhibit the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that they will refuse to change
Commitment – This has to do with being loyal and promise to support or behave in a particular way.
Political value
Family values
Assessment
———— can be defined as the worth of a thing
- moral
- value
- behaviour
- character
The ability to be truthful and straight forward is
- co-operation
- integrity
- contentment
- honesty
———– can influence our value and character towards other people
- behavior
- value
- money
- houses
The means of being happy with and satisfied with what one has is
- justice
- fairness
- contentment
- none of the above
All of these are types of value except
- fairness
- envy
- justice
- sincerity
Topic: Culture and Social Values (1)
Content-
- Meaning of culture
- Importance of culture
- Features of culture
- Characteristics of culture
Meaning of Culture
This is the totality of the way of life of the people. It includes the people’s beliefs, their way of worship, their arts and crafts, language, religion, dressing, way of thinking, dancing, greeting and eating habits.
The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria’s multiple ethnic groups. The country has 527 languages, seven of them are extinct. Nigeria also has over 1150 dialects and ethnic groups. The six largest ethnic groups are the Hausa and Fulani in the north, the Igbo in the southeast, and the Yoruba predominate in the southwest, Efik – Ibibio, and Ijaw of the southsouth.
The Edo people are most frequent in the region between Yorubaland and Igboland. Many of the Edo tend to be Christian. This group is followed by the Ibibio/Annang/Efik people of the coastal south southern Nigeria and the Ijaw of the Niger Delta.
Nigeria’s other ethnic group, sometimes called ‘minorities’, are found throughout the country but especially in the north and the middle belt. The traditionally nomadic Fulani can be found all over West and Central Africa. The Fulani and the Hausa are predominantly Muslim while the Igbo are predominantly Christian and so are the Efik, Ibibio, and Annang people. The Yoruba are equally likely to be either Christian or Muslim. Indigenous religious practices remain important to all of Nigeria’s ethnic groups, and frequently these beliefs are blended with Christian beliefs, a practice known as syncretism
Importance of culture
The way of life of any society involves a number of areas (labour, politics, economics, ethics, aesthetics, law, family, religion, etc). The importance of culture in Nigeria cannot be overestimated.
Nigeria culture plays an important role in lives of separate individuals and the society as the whole. Culture helps to accumulates, control and organise the human experience. It is basically what makes a person human. When a person becomes a member of the society, he accumulates knowledge about language, symbols, values, norms, customs and traditions of that environment. In this country, individuals usually become a part of one or more ethnic groups in Nigeria. An person’s immersion in a culture is determined by his/her socialization, familiarity with cultural heritage, as well as the development of his individual abilities.All these are usually achieved in the process of upbringing and education. Culture unites people, integrates them, and ensures their strength as a community. Unfortunately, in our country, some subcultures oppose each other which lead to the spread of cultural differences in Nigeria. Cultural conflicts can arise within large communities as a result. To prevent this, it is important to control the formation of cultural values in a society. This is one of the tools used by the government to create a more conducive and secured environment.
Features/characteristics of culture
Culture is dynamic and flexible
Culture is learnt over a period of time
Culture is continuous and does not die with people
Culture differs from place to place
Culture is universal to mankind and not particular to a peculiar group of people.
Exercise
What is culture?
Briefly explain the two components of culture.
Mention the general characteristics of culture and explain whether and how they are obtainable in your specific cultural background.
Topic- Marriage
Outline:
Meaning of Marriage
Types of Marriage
Purposes of Marriage
WHAT IS MARRIAGE?
Social Studies jss2 Lesson Note Second Term
Marriage is the union of a man and a woman as husband and wife. Marriage is a legally or formally recognized union of a man and a woman as partners in a relationship. Marriage is the legally or formally recognized union of a man and a woman as partners in a relationship. Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws, as well as society in general.
Marriage is an intimate and complementing union between a man and a woman in which the two become one physically, in the whole of life. The purpose of marriage is to reflect the relationship of the Godhead and to serve him. Although the fall has marred the divine purpose and function of marriage, this definition reflects the God-ordained ideal for marriage from the beginning.
As creator of the marriage relationship, God becomes the essential supporting party to a marriage, giving wisdom, discretion, understanding, and love to protect the union and to enable it to honor God; continued reliance upon God is imperative for spouses to have a successful marriage.
MARRIAGE SYSTEMS IN NIGERIA
Nigeria is made up of different ethnic group. Each ethnic group often has its own marriage system
Traditional or Customary Marriage: This is a marriage entered into according to native law and customs. It differs from one area to another in Nigeria. Thus, there are traditional marriage customs for the Igbos, Hausas, Yorubas, Edos, Effiks e.t.c. Traditional marriage can be either monogamy or polygamy. It is common practice for people to perform the traditional marriage rites first before the other forms such as the church marriage or court marriage.
Marriage under Ordinance or Court marriage: It is contracted in the court before a court registrar.
Features of Court Marriage
It does not allow either of the couples to enter into a second marriage, unless at the death or official divorce of the other partner
It is provided by the government
It is a monogamous form of marriage
A marriage ordinance certificate is given to the couple who marry this way
- Church marriage: It is conducted in a church according to the holy bible by a Pastor. Christians perform church marriage. It is a monogamous form of marriage, where a man marries only one wife. Many community recognize this type of marriage as wedding.
- Muslim or Islamic marriage: This type of marriage takes place in a mosque or the house of the parents of the woman. It is carried out according to the instructions in the Holy quran and Hadith. In this form of marriage, the man is allowed to marriage many wives. It is polygamous, however, he should not live with more than four wives at a time and the woman are to be treated equally. This marriage is conducted by an Imam.
- Other forms of marriage
Gift marriage: A girl may be given out for marriage by her parents as a sort of gift even without her consent. In this case, there will be no courtship or bride price.
Widow Inheritance marriage: This is a marriage where a male kinsman such as the son of a dead man of very close relatives marries his dead father’s or brother’s wife. He becomes the legal husband and the children belongs to him.
Ghost marriage: This is a system of marriage where the younger brother of a dead husband to be is expected to marry and have children in the dead man’s name. Both the wife and children belong to the dead man.
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